Cuerpo de conocimiento de la gerencia de proyectos PMBOK para el estudio de pre-inversión con evaluación de oportunidades de negocio en empresas lácteas del municipio de Belén, Boyacá

Abstract

The purpose of this work was to develop a pre-investment study of a line of new products based on acid whey generated from the production of double cream cheese, using tools and techniques from the PMBOK guide in order to evaluate the opportunity of business of the dairy companies of the Municipality of Belén (Boyacá). The research begins with the definition of the line of new products based on acid whey, that is, the identification of the product to be elaborated, for this, decision tools such as the prioritization matrix were used by means of which four possibilities of products: fermented milk drink with characteristics similar to yogurt, ricotta cheese, ice cream with a piece of fruit and energy drink. The business line was established with the application of the Canvas model, where it was concluded that the fermented milk drink was the one who presented a greater number of decision criteria. Based on these results, the feasibility of the business idea was developed through market, technical, administrative and financial structure studies. The supply and demand analysis defined a satisfied unsaturated demand, there are opportunities in the market for the dairy drink based on whey, the empathy matrix allowed to establish the consumer profile to design a product based on the needs of people and not of consumers. In the technical study, the elaboration process of the milk drink was detailed, which requires ten (10) stages where unit operations and processes are involved, the resources were determined and the energy cost was established from the balance of matter and energy, The study concluded with the design of check sheets prepared under the 5W2H methodology for the quality control of the process and the use of Pareto diagrams as an information evaluation tool for decision-making. The financial structure allowed identifying the fixed investment ($ 230,940,899), where the acquisition of machinery and equipment requires the maximum investment; The working capital was calculated for a value of $ 463,701,988, the purchase of inputs such as fresh milk generated increases in the evaluated periods. The total capital investment was worth $ 694,642,887. The financial evaluation established positive cash flows and economic indicators (NPV, IRR and RB / C) under three financing alternatives (0%, 25% and 50%). The sensitivity analysis indicated that the project generates a positive economic performance, relevant information to prospect the behavior and value of the project in pessimistic and optimistic scenarios during the project horizon. Keywords: whey, acid whey, cheeses, PMBOK, management tools.