POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY: ITS RELATION WITH HEALTH AND WELL-BEING

Sánchez Estrada, Marcela

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Sánchez Estrada, Marcela

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Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, UNAD

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Abstract

La psicología positiva ha tenido un importante desarrollo en las últimas décadas y hay antecedentes de estudios de aspectos positivos desde mediados del siglo pasado, pero no es hasta los años 90 cuando se observa su desarrollo. Inicialmente propuso cambiar la visión tradicional de tratamiento y curación hacia la de salud y bienestar, y actualmente su estudio se dirige hacia el funcionamiento humano óptimo a partir de fortalezas, virtudes, condiciones y procesos para identificar y promover los factores que permitan prosperar a las personas y comunidades, lo cual implica no solo un enfoque individual, sino la ampliación del estudio y las intervenciones a las comunidades.Los principales elementos de la psicología positiva son las virtudes, fortalezas y temas situacionales. Su estudio se ha vinculado en diversas investigaciones con la salud y el bienestar, encontrando aportes significativos con indicadores de salud y evaluaciones del bienestar. Sin embargo, también hay resultados con grupos particulares, en los cuales se indican que las fortalezas no están siempre asociadas con el bienestar.Se destaca la importancia del estudio de los aspectos positivos del contexto, en donde se considera el equilibrio entre elementos positivos y negativos y el contar con conocimientosteóricos suficientes para el análisis los resultados.

The positive psychology have had an important development in the last decades and there are efforts since the last century in the psychology field of studying positive aspects, but their development increase since 90’s, that marked the beginning of the study of positive psychology.At that time the aim it was to change the traditional point of view focused on treatment and cure to health and well-being; the aim has changed and now it points out to optimal human functioning based on virtues, character strengths, conditions and process to identify and develop the factors that contribute to thrive persons and communities. It means no only an individual approach but their study and interventions adapted to community settings.The principal elements of the positive psychology are virtues, character strengths and situational themes, and they are being related in many studies to health and well-being. The results suggest that they have positive contributions to indicators of health and evaluations of well-being; however there are results in other studies with particular groups that suggest that characterstrengths do not have always the positive relationship with well-being.It is important to consider the context in which the positive aspects are being studied, the balance between positive and negative elements, and enough theoretic knowledge for analyzing the results.

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LA PSICOLOGÍA POSITIVA: SU RELACIÓN CON LA SALUD Y EL BIENESTAR