Los nematodos fitopatógenos como inductores de estrés biótico en plantas

Riascos Ortíz, Donald Heberth

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Riascos Ortíz, Donald Heberth

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Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, UNAD

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Abstract

Los nematodos fitoparásitos son agentes infecciosos que causan enfermedades en las plantas, a través de diferentes mecanismos, pero especialmente mediante la secreción de factores de patogenicidad denominados Patrones Moleculares Asociados al Patógeno y Efectores. En esta investigación se analiza la forma cómo estas proteínas requeridas por los nematodos para establecerse en sus hospederos, alteran la estructura y función de las células de las plantas, así como también reprograman la expresión génica de las células vegetales. Algunos nematodos, y principalmente los endoparásitos sedentarios, establecen relaciones parasíticas complejas con sus hospederos, en los cuales inducen la formación de sitios de alimentación (células gigantes en el caso de Meloidogyne). Se concluye que estos nematodos inducen la formación de síntomas, a manera de agallas, a nivel de raíces por procesos de hipertrofia (alargamiento celular) e hiperplasia (división celular excesiva). Además, estos daños a nivel de la planta resultan en alteraciones fisiológicas, especialmente por obstrucción de cilindros vasculares, lo que impide la translocación normal de agua y nutrientes, y por consiguiente la expresión de marchitamientos, con efectos deletéreos sobre la producción. De igual manera, las plantas han desarrollado estrategias de reconocimiento de factores de patogenicidad de los nematodos para expresar sus mecanismos de defensa.

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http://hemeroteca.unad.edu.co/index.php/riaa/article/view/1341/1678
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