Especies reactivas de oxígeno y la enzima Superóxido Dismutasa como defensa de las plantas al estrés hídrico

Pulido Pulido, Sandra Yamile

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Pulido Pulido, Sandra Yamile

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Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, UNAD

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Abstract

El cambio climático a escala global y regional ha influido en la frecuencia e intensidad de fenómenos climáticos extremos como las sequías, incrementado las zonas áridas en el planeta, como consecuencia, los eventos de estrés por sequía han aumentado en las plantas. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo mostrar la habilidad y estrategia de las plantas para responder y adaptarse al estrés por sequía mediante la enzima Superóxido Dismutasa (SOD). Se encontró que las respuestas bioquímicas se constituyen en uno de los principales mecanismos de defensa contra este tipo de estrés, uno de estos mecanismos es la sobreproducciónde especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS) el cual es controlado por sistemas antioxidantes. Dentro de estos sistemas antioxidantes se encuentra la enzima antioxidante Superóxido Dismutasa (SOD). Se concluye que las defensas antioxidantes isoformas de la enzima Superóxido Dismutasa (Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD, Fe-SOD), se hallan en diferentes especies vegetales y funcionan como eficientes detoxificadores de ROS. Por esto pueden ser una herramienta valiosa en los programas de mejoramiento genético de plantas buscando aumentar la tolerancia de éstas al déficit hídrico.

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http://hemeroteca.unad.edu.co/index.php/riaa/article/view/1342/1679
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