La aplicación de Zeolita en la producción avícola: Revisión

Collazos García, Hernán

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Collazos García, Hernán

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Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, UNAD

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Abstract

El objetivo de la presente revisión es estudiar y discutir las aplicaciones de las Zeolitas en la producción avícola. Las Zeolitas son aluminosilicatos cristalinos que presentan una estructura tridimensional infinita, a las cuales se les atribuyen numerosas propiedades como su capacidad para perder y ganar agua reversiblemente y ser capaces de intercambiar selectivamente una variedad de cationes sin presentar cambios mayores en su estructura básica; esto las hace potencialmente útiles en la nutrición animal. Sin embargo el efecto de las Zeolitas en el consumo de alimento, ganancia de peso, tasa de crecimiento, producción de huevos, peso del huevo, grosor de la cáscara y características internas del huevo están aún en discusión. Mientras que algunos de los experimentos reportan efecto benéfico luego de su inclusión en las dietas para aves, otros muestran que no hay variaciones o que pueden producir efectos negativos. Las variaciones en la proporción de uso, el tipo de Zeolita (natural o sintética) y el contenido de impurezas, pueden ser los responsables de las discrepancias reportadas en los experimentos.

The aim of this review is to study and discuss the use of Zeolite in poultry production. Zeolites are crystalline, hydrated aluminosilicates of alkali and alkaline cations which have infinite, three-dimensional structure. Zeolites can lose and gain water reversibly and they are capable of selectively exchange a variety of cations with no major structural changes. These characteristics make them suitable for animal nutrition. However the effect of Zeolites on food intake amounts, weight gain, growth rate, egg production, egg weight, shell thickness and internal egg quality are still under discussion. While some sort of experiments report beneficial effects due to inclusion of Zeolite in the diet of birds, other experiments show no changes and yet there are results that indicate some negative effects. Reasons such as level of usage, type of Zeolite (natural or synthetics) and the levels of impurities in natural Zeolites, are thought to be responsible for reported discrepancies.

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