Determination of secondary metabolites from Bacillus subtilis with effect biological control on Fusarium sp.

El uso de agentes de control biológico es una alternativa eficaz para el tratamiento de las enfermedades en plantas, contribuyendo en la disminución del uso de pesticidas químicos. Microrganismos del género Bacillus se han convertido en el centro de interés por su producción de metabolitos de tipo secundario, con propiedades antifungicas, supresores efectivos contra diversos fitopatógenos como Fusarium, Pythium, Phytophthora y Rhizoctonia. El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar la presencia de metabolitos secundarios obtenidos por fermentación en estado líquido a partir de una cepa de Bacillus subtilis, los cuales fueron analizados mediante cromatografía de alta resolución (HPLC). Se confirmó su efecto biocontrolador sobre Fusarium sp por pruebas de excavación en placa. Se identificó el antibiótico Iturina A, con una concentración aproximada de 151.805 mg/l y las pruebas de antagonismo in vitro expresaron un porcentaje de 70 a 100% de inhibición de crecimiento sobre Fusarium sp. Se espera a futuro identificar la presencia de otros metabolitos de tipo secundario, de importancia en fitosanidad, como la producción de surfactina y fengicina.

The use of microorganisms for biological control of plants diseases in an effective alternative that reduce pesticides use that affect soil fertility. Bacillus genus has become a point of interest due the production of secondary metabolites with antifungal properties effective against several phytopathogenics such as Fusarium, Pythium, Phytophthora and Rhizoctonia. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of secondary metabolites produced by liquid fermentation from Bacillus subtilis, analyzed by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and confirm its biocontrol effect on Fusarium sp. The antibiotic iturin A was identified, with a concentration around 151,805 mg/l. In vitro antagonism tests showed 70 to 100% growth inhibition of Fusarium sp. In the near future is expected to identify the existence of other secondary metabolites with possible significant effect on the plant protection, such as surfactin and fengycin.

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Determinación de metabolitos secundarios a partir de Bacillus subtilis con efecto biocontrolador sobre Fusarium sp.