Mitochondria and Cell Death

Recientemente se ha definido el papel decisivo que tienen las mitocondrias en los mecanismos de muerte celular, los cuales se han explicado en diversos modelos, donde la permeabilización de la membrana externa mitocondrial y la liberación de proteínas importantes del espacio intermembranal de la mitocondria son características importantes que definen este proceso. Específicamente proteínas pro-apoptóticas tales como Citocromo c, Smac/diablo entre otras, son liberadas durante estadios tempranos del proceso apoptótico. Los mecanismos por los cuales estas proteínas son liberadas dependen presumiblemente del tipo celular y la naturaleza del estímulo. La activación de las caspasas (proteasas de cisteína) durante la apoptosis temprana parece estar regulada principalmente por la familia de las proteínas Bcl-2, cuya función principal es el control de la permeabilidad de la membrana mitocondrial a través de la formación o regulación de poros, en particular el poro de permeabilidad transicional mitocondrial. La presente revisión busca mostrar una visión global del papel de la mitocondria en los procesos de muerte celular, en la apoptosis, y en algunos de los mecanismos moleculares involucrados en su regulación.

Mitochondria and cell death Recently the decisive role of mitochondria in the mechanisms of cell death has been defined in diverse models, where the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane and the important protein release of the intermembrane space of mitochondria are important characteristics that define this process. Specifically pro-apoptosis proteins such as Cytochrome c, Smac/devil among others, are released during early stages of the apoptosis process. The mechanisms by which these proteins are released depend presumably on the cell type and the nature of the stimulus. The activation of caspases (proteases of cysteine) during the early apoptosis seems to mainly be regulated by the family of the Bcl-2 proteins, whose main function is the control of the permeability of the mitochondrial membrane through the formation or regulation of pores, in particular the pore of mitochondrial transitional permeability. This revision intends to show a global vision of the role of mitochondria in the processes of cell death, in apoptosis and in some of the molecular mechanisms involved in its regulation

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Mitocondria y muerte celular